Week 3 Part 2 Task 7: E-Business

E-Business and Intellectual Property

In the past few years there have been significant technological advancements that have transformed how we conduct business. Since we are moving towards a connected global market, businesses now need to integrate ways to maximize their chances of success. The Internet must be used as a marketing tool to reach all areas of the world, including places that at one point were out of reach. Also, the Internet should be used as an online market place to sell goods and services to customers. Essentially, the internet has made it easier to do business with a wider audience. Unfortunately with vast quantities of business information being published on the internet, the protection of intellection property rights (IPR) has been a major concern and businesses face new challenges in protecting their brand from unscrupulous competitors [1]

Intellectual property (IP) is a legal term that refers to industrial property and to copyright and related rights. Industrial property comprises the protection of patents, trademarks, industrial designs, and geographical indications. [2] The law provides a number of mechanisms that protect this valuable property. Two of the most important mechanisms are patents and trademarks. Patents protect discoveries and inventions that underlie the functions of your business. Trademarks protect the words and symbols that make your business known to the world. [3] These two legal mechanisms, allow business and individuals to claim to their intellectual property. They also act as a defense against competitors trying to make a profit off your hard work and ingenuity.

An e-business is any business that engages in transactions across an electronic network [3]. Such transactions include electronic commerce where payments or fees are received in exchange for a product or service. E-business is conducted by companies that exist almost exclusively on the Internet: retailers like Amazon.com, on-line financial brokers like Ameritrade and E-trade, internet service providers like AOL and MSN, and content providers like Yahoo. E-businesses also include companies like Eddie Bauer and L.L. Bean that supplement their retail or catalog sales with online sales. [3] Protection of intellectual property by e-businesses is critical because of the great amount of exposure of that this property gets. After all, the web is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week in every nation on earth.

E-commerce has revolutionized the way we do business but there are some hurdles that businesses need to be aware of. Brands, ideas and designs are now more exposed and vulnerable than ever before. Anyone with access to the Internet has access to your products. It has become much easier for competitors to replicate designs making protection of these products a top priority. Legal mechanisms are changing however, to keep pace with these risks. “Patents and trademarks are well-established building blocks that allow you to erect a barrier around your property to prevent competitors from trespassing on your rights.” [3]

[1] http://www.ibblaw.co.uk/downloads/brochures/2010-05-27-15-05-41-ebusiness_and_intellectual_property.pdf

[2] http://www.wipo.int/sme/en/e_commerce/ip_ecommerce.htm

[3] http://www.buildingipvalue.com/n_us/132_136.htm

Week 3 Part 2 Task 8: Cloud Computing Applications

1. Dropbox is a file hosting service operated by Dropbox, Inc., that offers cloud storage, file synchronization, and client software. Dropbox allows users to create a special folder on each of their computers, which Dropbox then synchronizes so that it appears to be the same folder (with the same contents) regardless of which computer is used to view it. Files placed in this folder also are accessible through a website and mobile phone applications. [1]

2. Google calendar is a free time-management web application offered by Google. Users are required to have a Google Account in order to use the software. The app allows users to view, add, and drag-and-drop events from one date to another without reloading the page. Events are stored online so the calendar can be viewed from any location that has Internet access. [2]

3. Google docs s a freeware web-based office suite offered by Google within its Google Drive service. Documents, spreadsheets, presentations can be created with Google Docs, imported through the web interface, or sent via email. Documents can be saved to a user's local computer Documents are automatically saved to Google's servers to prevent data loss, and a revision history is automatically kept so past edits may be viewed. Google Docs serves as a collaborative tool for editing documents in real time. Documents can be shared, opened, and edited by multiple users simultaneously. [3]

4. Mint is a free web-based personal financial management service. Mint's primary service allows users to track bank, credit card, investment, and loan transactions and balances through a single user interface as well make budgets and goals. [4] Mint does all the work of organizing and categorizing your spending for you. See where every dime goes and make money decisions you feel good about.

5. Sage One is a cloud-based business services solution aimed at micro businesses and small business. Sage One provides these businesses a platform that offers invoicing, project tracking, expense management, and more. [5]

6. Toggl is an easy and simplistic way to track your time while completing projects that can be assigned as billable to clients after upgrading. Users can immediately begin tracking time spent on projects upon signing up with Toggl. It is a simple and easy to use tracking system allowing you to enter the exact project you are working on and hitting the "Start" button to begin. When you are finished, simply click the "Stop" button to record your time. [6]

7. Xero is an online accounting software product for small and medium-sized businesses, as well as for personal finance. The product is sold by subscription requiring the payment of a monthly fee. The key features of Xero include automatic bank account feeds, invoicing, accounts payable, expense claims, fixed asset depreciation, and standard business and management reporting. [7]

8. Zendesk delivers the leading cloud-based customer service software. It provides an integrated on-demand helpdesk - customer support portal solution. [8]

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropbox_%28service%29

[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_calendar

[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Doc

[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mint.com

[5] http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2405001,00.asp

[6] http://blinklist.com/reviews/toggl

[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xero_%28software%29

[8] http://www.crunchbase.com/company/zendesk

Zoho Database Link: https://reports.zoho.com/ZDBDataSheetView.cc?OBJID=890160000000004237&STANDALONE=true&ZDB_THEME_NAME=blue&DATATYPESYMBOL=true&REMTOOLBAR=false&SEARCHBOX=true&SHOWHIDEOPT=true

Week 2 Part 2 Task 5: Database Research

“A database is an organized collection of data.” [1] These are useful for accessing large amount of information from one location. I used databases while I was working in a research lab at UMDNJ. We did biomedical research observing the effects of fructose on the kidney and liver systems. In order to formulate hypothesis and experiments, the first step is to do a review of the literature that has already been published. This will allow us to gather background information as well as to see if the proposed experiment we want to do has already been done. A major source used through the lab was from a public database from the National Institute of Health called MEDLINE® accessed through PubMed®.

MEDLINE ® is a massive database of over 20 million references to articles published in approximately 5,600 current biomedical journals from the United States and over 80 foreign countries. MEDLINE® contains journal citations and abstracts for biomedical literature n the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, health care systems, and preclinical sciences. [2] PubMed ® is a service of the US National Library of Medicine® (NLM) that provides free access to MEDLINE®. [3] PubMed citations and abstracts include the fields of biomedicine and health, covering topics in life sciences, behavioral sciences, chemical sciences, and bioengineering. PubMed also provides access to additional relevant web sites and links to the other molecular biology resources. Journals go as far back as 1946 and as far forward as today. Currently, citations from 5,600 journals are in 39 languages; 60 languages for older journals [4]

While I was working on a research project, I was able to use this database to find journals about new techniques to improve the quality of our work. Also, it allowed me to gather information for other experiments that helped me prove why I should look at certain genes or proteins during my experiments. I was also able to learn basic information about the kidney and liver systems, which were the main areas of our research, all from one database. The database contained all the information about the journal for which the article came from for proper citations. I was also able to save a list of all the journals I looked at and email articles to myself or other memebers of my lab.

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database

[2] http://www.nlm.nih.gov/services/usemedline.html

[3] http://www.nlm.nih.gov/services/pubmed.html

[4] http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/medline.html

1. What specific challenges does your database system implementation have?

 MEDLINE currently has citations and abstracts from approximately 5,400 biomedical journals published in the United States and worldwide. Coverage extends back to 1948. This is a lot of journals. However it is not all of them. Although it collects journals from all over the world it does not have every journal from every country. Another database center could find a way to collect all journals and would be a better source than this one. Also, the coverage only goes back as far as 1948. This is not as serious of a problem due most researchers want current information. However, there could be very important studies that were performed prior to this date that could be beneficial to our research.

2. In what ways does it provide competitive advantage for the organization using it?

While there are some limitations to this database there are also great positives. PubMed® provides free access to MEDLINE and links to full text articles whenever possible. MEDLINE® contains journal citations and abstracts for biomedical literature n the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, health care systems, and preclinical sciences from all around the world. There are a large number of journals and my research lab was able to do a thorough literature review for our research projects. Finding information that is already out there saved our lab money and time since we did not have to perform the preliminary experiments ourselves.

For citations added from 2005-2009: about 45% are for cited articles published in the U.S., about 91% are published in English, and about 83% have English abstracts written by authors of the articles. [4] This is important for my lab because the majority of the researcher spoke only English. This feature allowed us access to research from non-English speaking countries that we otherwise would miss out on.

3. What improvements would you suggest?

My suggestion would be to collect more journals to add to the already large database. It would be great if there were one destination to go to for all of your research needs. This may seem like a stretch, but every effort to make it as much as a reality as possible should be executed. I would also suggest that the database gather journals from a larger range of topics, gathering journals from more fields.

Week 3 Part 1 Task 4: Free Topic

Travel Web sites: a move away from traditional travel agencies to online travel agencies

Planning a nice family vacation was more complicated in the past. It involved one of two methods: calling a hotel, calling multiple airlines to get the best price, and finally calling a rental car company all from different locations or by going to a travel agent who could book everything for you. But with today being the Internet age, it is easier for people to book trips on their own with the help of online travel websites.

Online travel sites let you be your own travel agent. Plan your trips or vacation and make reservations quickly with just a few mouse clicks. [1] People would rather be at home than have to make a trip back and forth to a travel agency.  People are moving away from traditional retail travel agent services because they are not free. Fees start from around $30 for a simple air booking and can be more than that for a complicated itinerary. For a relatively simple itinerary, you can probably find on your own good deal you without using a retail agency. [2]

One benefit to using an online travel agency for flights is they they offer quick and easy comparison of not just fares but schedules on many different airlines at a glance. [3] Websites like Orbitz, kayak, etc allow the user to enter in a date, time and location and it will generate a list of all the participating airlines that match the criteria. This makes it very easy for the user to see what airline offers the best value without having to reach out to each airline individually. It also allows for mixing and matching arriving and departing flights from different airlines. Specifically for kayak, there is a feature that allows you to add +/- 3 days t help determine when the best day to leave would be.

A second benefit of booking your travel online is that some of the online sites will have access to the smaller hotels that you might not have even realized existed. [4] These websites act as a database of hotels. The show all information on the hotel, amenities, pictures, maps, etc. They also tend to show reviews of the hotels. Now typically these reviews are written by guests that have stayed at that hotel and booked through the website. [4] These are useful because the description and pictures displayed by the hotel sometime does not truly reflect the condition of the hotel. It is important for a pleasurable experience to see what other guests have experienced first hand.

Travel websites usually offer flight, hotel, and car rental providers. They will sometimes offer “packaging” feature. On some trips, especially last-minute ones, we've seen hotel plus air packages for half what air alone costs. [3] There is a discount for booking multiple parts of a trip by bundling them in one itinerary.

In conclusion, online travel sites let you be your own travel agent. You can plan trips from the comfort of your own home at any time day or night. You have access to many different airlines and hotels all in one place and are in control of mixing and matching packages to satisfy your need best.

[1] http://online-travel-sites-review.toptenreviews.com/

[2] http://traveltips.usatoday.com/booking-vacations-through-agent-vs-online-booking-1458.html

[3] http://www.nbcnews.com/id/40964440/ns/travel-news/t/benefits-online-travel-agencies/#.UfCVcVPkpqc

[4] http://voices.yahoo.com/benefits-booking-travel-online-2982206.html

Week 3 Part 1 Task 3: Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing and IT Jobs

Cloud computing is at an early stage, with many new providers large and small delivering different cloud-based services, from storage services to spam filtering. [1] When a company purchases new computers, instead of installing a suite of software for each computer, they would only have to load one application. That application would allow workers to log into a Web-based service which hosts all the programs the user would need for his or her job. Machines owned by another company and a completely different location would be maintaining most of the company’s software. [2] Many jobs will change because of cloud computing. Some job roles will likely have reduced demand, some will have more demand, and even some new jobs will be created. [3]

Some jobs in the IT industry are predicted to have less demand in the future, with organizations moving their systems to cloud services. Since much of a company’s hardware and software would shift to an external cloud provider, there will be less demand or jobs such as system administrators and database administrators. But on the other hand, there will be jobs opening up at the cloud provider’s location. [3] The article “Effect of cloud computing on future IT jobs” described an interview between the writer of the article and Rick Chapman, the Founder of SaaS University, managing editor of Softletter and author of the just released book SaaS Entrepreneur: The Definitive Guide to Success in Your Cloud Application Business. Their discussion looked at the use of software as a service (SaaS) within IT and its future effect on IT jobs. SaaS is a software delivery model in which software and associated data are centrally hosted on the cloud. [4] “Rick’s belief is that the number of jobs within IT will decrease over the next ten to twenty years. This is the case because many of the systems previously developed and/or purchased and supported by IT staff members will eventually be replaced by SaaS (cloud) based applications which do not require internal IT staff.” [5]

Jobs with continued demand are IT project managers, business analysts, and software developers. The IT project managers will still be required to manage teams and will need to become versed in cloud computing. Business analysts will be required to know software not included within the cloud. Software developers will be needed simply because softeware will still need to be created. [3]

“Several studies, including one article published by Forbes, state that many new jobs will be created as a result of the cloud. New companies will be formed to provide cloud computing and other related services. New job titles will be created.” As mentioned before, new jobs will be opening at the cloud providers as more and more companies use them. Roles that have appeared is that of a cloud architect. A cloud architect is someone who has knowledge of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and cloud concepts, as well as enterprise architect skills. It will also be important for companies to have a liaison between them and the cloud provider in order to maintain communication between the two entities. [3]

In conclusion, the implementation of cloud computing will cause a shift in the job market. Some job roles will be reduced, some will have more demand, and new jobs will be created. In the IT profession, it is important to keep educating yourself on the new technology developed so when companies move toward new software, like cloud computing, they will keep the employees with the most knowledge of the product or an employee will be able to transition to a new company, like the cloud provider.

[1] http://www.infoworld.com/d/cloud-computing/what-cloud-computing-really-means-031

[2] http://www.howstuffworks.com/cloud-computing/cloud-computing.htm

[3] http://www.computer.org/portal/web/computingnow/careers/content?g=53319&type=article&urlTitle=the-impact-of-cloud-computing-on-it-jobs

[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_service

[5] http://www.itworld.com/career/322016/effect-cloud-computing-future-it-jobs

Week 1 Part 1 Task 1: Student Info

1. What is your major?

Hi all. My name is Miles Siegel and I am a senior Accounting student.

2. What operating system do you have on your computer?

I use an apple Mac book laptop with operating system X version 10.8.4.

3. Do you have the right to upgrade the software on your computer?

 Yes I have the right to upgrade my software.

4. What Internet and computer related courses have you already taken and what are your usual activities on the Internet (Facebook, email, chats, etc.)?

I have not taken any courses relating to computers or the Internet. My main activities on the computer are Facebook, web-surfing, iTunes, email, and research for courses.

5. Have you taken online courses before?

I have taken two online courses from Ramapo: Contemporary Africa and Principles of Managerial Accounting. I am also taking an online course for Health and Life Insurance.

6. Do you have MS Office on your computer? If yes, which version?

I have MS Office 2010 for Mac.

7. Do you work anywhere now?

I currently work as a customer service representative for an Allstate insurance agency in Ramsey. I process payments handle most calls, and do miscellaneous office duties.

8. When do you graduate?

I will be graduating in May 2014 with a second bachelor’s degree in accounting.

9. Add anything you want about your interests, skills, job projects, etc. that might help the instructor and students understand you and your computer/Internet skills and interests better.

I received a bachelor’s degree in Biology from Ramapo in 2010. The majority of my computer skills are in online databases and statistical software.

10. What are your hobbies or what do you like to do outside of school and work?

I enjoy spending time with family and friends. I love trying food from different cultures, as long as its not meat since I am a vegetarian. 

•Do you work anywhere now (where if yes, and what do you do there)?

I currently work as a customer service representative for an Allstate insurance agency in Ramsey. I process payments handle most calls, and do miscellaneous office duties.

•Your desirable occupation

My plan is to get my CPA licenses after I graduate and work in public accounting for an accounting firm. I ultimately hope to go into private accounting and work for a major pharmaceutical company to add my passion for science into my work life.

•When do you graduate?

            I will be graduating in May 2014.

•What benefits do you see for yourself in a distance learning format?

Distance learning is a great format for people who have busy schedules and need the flexibility of making there own schedule to learn the material. I am currently working and the distance learning is great because I can work more hours since I don’t have to physically go to a class for 9 hours a week. I do work on my lunch hour or before work and after work.

Week 1 Part 2 Task 7: Gadget

I decided to add the follow by email gadget to my blog. I first went to my blog dashboard, then chose the layout tab on the left hand side. I placed it at the bottom of the blog, this way, after reading the first post if the reader is interested in following the blog they can simply submit their email. This gadget is intended to make it easy for visitors to subscribe to email delivery when I publish a post. This adds value to my blog because some readers might not want to log onto my blog everyday, especially if there are no posts that pertain to them. I can get more diverse group of followers by allowing them to get email updates and if they are interested in a post they can view my blog.Users want easy access to things and it needs to be a way that requires them to do the least amount of work.

Week 1 Part 2 Task 6: Social Network Monitoring Business Plan

In order to be successful in business today, a company has to capitalize on the recourses and technology available to them. Today’s world is socially connected, and a business needs to join this social community to prosper. One major resource is social media outlets like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. These programs allow customers to discuss, comment, criticize and even endorse a company’s products. Using products that monitor these social media outlets, the company can learn what customers are saying about their products and use this information to their advantage.

Social media monitoring products allow businesses to analyze, measure, display, and create reports about wait is being said or posted about their products or brand name. For example a business could use the product Salesforce Marketing Cloud to gain valuable information from consumers about specific products. The Salesforce Marketing Cloud is the world’s only unified social marketing suite. This program offers social listening, powered by Radian6, social publishing, powered by Buddy Media, and social advertising, powered by Social.com™. “Listen with Radian6 is used to gain valuable insight into conversations happening online about your brand, products, competitors, and industry. Publish with Buddy Media allows the company to manage and schedule posts and create and publish compelling content with social apps. Advertise with Social.com allows the company to build, optimize and automate highly targeted social advertising campaigns that are integrated with your customer data.”^[1]

After these programs gather all the information, the company can use it to better their brand. If customers like a competitor more, the business will know this and can see what improvements need to be made to their product so that customers will be satisfied. This is information straight from the best source out there, the consumer. 

Programs like Salesforce Marketing allow a business to gain valuable knowledge about their products and using information that is already out there. It would be a waste if they didn’t gather this information and use it to their benefit. Listening to what the customers, competitors, critics, and supporters are saying about a firm’s product is key to a successful business.

[1] http://www.salesforcemarketingcloud.com/about-us/

Week 1 Part 2 Task 5: Systems

A system is defined as “an organized, purposeful structure that consists of interrelated and interdependent elements. These elements continually influence one another to maintain their activity and the existence of the system, in order to achieve the goal of the system” [1]. There are 4 basic components that make up a system: inputs, processing, outputs and feedback mechanisms. These inner working help maintain a properly working system from falling out of rhythm despite any changes that may effect it. The basic structure of a system can be seen in all aspects of life. Systems can be simple to complex.

A simple system that most people do every day is brewing coffee/tea. The kettle is filled with water and heat is applied to the kettle. These are inputs to the system. Tea/coffee is added to a pot and the water after it is brought to a boil is added to the pot. This is the processing of the inputs. The brewed coffee/tea is added to a cup, sugar and milk are added and the coffee/tea is drunk. These last steps represent the outputs of this simple system. [2]

An example of a complex system is the education in the United States. This follows the order: early childhood education is followed by primary school (called elementary school in the United States), middle school, secondary school (called high school in the United States), and then postsecondary (tertiary) education. [3] The education system is designed to teach students the skills needed for modern life. The inputs are the students, teachers, syllabus and classroom. The processing is the educating of the students by the teachers. The outputs are the students leaving school with knowledge. Teachers, lessons and examinations are all part of the process that aim to turn an uneducated child into an educated adult.

From small to large, simple to complex, systems require all of their parts to function successfully. All the raw components of a system are, processed and reformed into the desired outputs. Systems are essential for the success of life. 

[1] http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/system.html#ixzz2ZA6pFsPe

[2] http://www.technologystudent.com/designpro/system1.htm

[3] http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/edlite-structure-us.html

Week 2 Part 1 Task 3: Mobile Hardware and Software

In order to run a successful business, a firm needs to consider what hardware and software to use in order to minimize costs and compete with other firms. Having the best and most up-to-date technology can improve worker productivity, increase revenue, reduce costs, and provide better customer service. I currently work for Allstate Insurance, where each office is own by an individual agent. There is software provided by Allstate that contains insurance information for the customers. But, all other hardware and software is to be updated and purchased by the agency owner. After talking with the agency owner that I work for I was able to make a small list of some hardware and software that she had to consider purchasing and or updating to remain productive. Also, the agency owner is often out of the office at meetings, conferences, and appointment. New mobile technology allows her to maintain a constant connection between her and her two offices.

Hardware

1. A major purchase she is making this year for her agency is a new telephone system (communication system). This new system will use the telephone number that is calling in and match it to a phone number on file. If the number is in our system, the computer will automatically pull up the insured information on the computer screen allowing us, the employees, to assist the customer faster.

2. A major device used in our office is our All-in-one printer. This printer is connected to a server, which allows for wireless printing form all computers in the office, including notebook computers and tablets. The printer also allows for faxing and emailing documents directly to customers.

3. On a smaller scale, the agency also needs to have a digital camera on hand. This allows us to take pictures for the customer so that they do not have to worry about sending it to us. It also allows us to immediately upload the pictures to our computers and send them to wherever they need to go.

4. Notebooks/Tablets are an important purchase for the agency. Allstate offers financial services such as life insurance. The life specialist in the office usually meets clients at their homes. He needs a way to input the client’s data for the application in real time. A notebook/laptop allows him access to the application without requiring the customer to be inconvenienced by requiring them to come to the office.

Software

5.  Insurance leads software provide and agency with a list of potential new customers. Agents can often reach consumers while they’re still sitting at the computer and can receive leads by email, text message, or both. Finding the best lead service/software is important for the agency owner to grow their business.

6. The new phone system needs to be linked to a database of client information. We use an online database called eAgent® to create customer profiles and store detailed information about the customer that can allow us to better assist them. This system can be accessed form any computer since it is online based (cloud) allowing the agent to work from any location.

7. Microsoft Office® is a very important software application to many companies. This one application is equipped with a suite of different uses. It contains Word (a word processor), PowerPoint (presentation graphics program), and Excel (spreadsheet analysis program). It is also important that the agency owner update this program when newer versions are available to take full advantage of the updates that are made. Also the new cloud feature that Office offers called Office 365 for business. This allows for access to shared documents and calendars form any computer in the office and even on mobile devises at any location.

Week 1 Part 2 Task 4: Value Chain

I have decided to open an Internet site where students can buy and sell used music CDs. The first aspect to set up would be the Internet site where the students go to see the CDs available for sale and where they can sell CDs to me to resell. The domain name would be www.CD4U.com. I would then need to arrange for a storage facility to hold the CDs during the time between my company buying them and a student purchasing. In this scenario there is no warehouse needed for raw materials because the CD are already made and have music on them. The website will be linked to the inventory of the storage facility. Anytime my company purchases used CDs, they will be added to the website and therefore linked to the inventory list. A receiving section of the storage facility would need to be set up to accept used CD we bought from students while also checking that the CDs are in working order. This receiving center will also deal with payments to students for the received items. The next component to set up would be a shipping system to send out CDs that are ordered by students.

Marketing would be done on the local level. Flyers would be placed all around campus. An ad would be placed on the school website and in any school publication (ie newspaper, magazine). My company would set up tabling on campus to advertise this company and to set up chances for students to come and sell there CDs directly to my company. We would also set up a customer service center to deal with any issues regarding customer satisfaction. This center would handle complaints regarding CDs not working or not to their liking and determine what the best decision would be to make the customer happy.

Week 1 Part 1 Task 2: Information Systems

Two important information systems that a business can use are electronic commerce (e-commerce) and mobile commerce. E-commerce revolutionized traditional commerce. The desktop computer would be able to free the customer from the need to visit a retail outlet. Now, we are in an era of buying everywhere. Handheld devices that can access the internet are revolutionizing "traditional" ecommerce. This type of e-commerce on mobile devices is called mobile commerce (m-commerce).

             E-commerce is any business transaction performed electronically. It involves conducting business activities using electronic data transmission, telecommunications networks, and streamlined work processes. There are essentially 3 main subsets of e-commerce: business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C).

·         B2B) e-commerce is when all parties involved are companies. A sale can take days to months to complete.

·         B2C e-commerce is when customers deal directly with a business, avoiding any “middleman”, and buy directly from the company. A sale can take days to weeks to complete.

·         C2C e-commerce involves consumers selling directly to other consumers using a third party such as online auction (ebay, craigslist, ubid), usually taking hours to days to complete a sale.

An e-commerce system has many stages that consumers experience in the sales life cycle. There is a model for purchasing over the Internet which includes the following components:

·         Search and identification

·         Selection and negotiation

·         Purchasing products and services electronically

·         Product and service delivery

·         After-sales service

M-commerce relies on the use of wireless devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), cell phones, and smart phones, to place orders and conduct business. This is online sales transactions that use wireless electronic devices to interact with computer networks that have the ability to conduct online merchandise purchases. There are some restrictions that make m-commerce not accessible throughout all parts of the world. One important issue is user-friendliness. It must be as easy to purchase an item on a wireless device as it is to purchase it on a PC. Also, network speed and security is also a major concern for users. The technology needed for m-commerce is the wireless application protocol (WAP) which is a standard set of rules for Internet applications that run on handheld, wireless devices.

There are a few benefits to the transition from e-commerce to m-commerce. E-commerce relies heavily on internet and allows only restricted access. Alternatively, m-commerce doesn’t require any internet connectivity. You can access any kind of website anytime and anywhere. M-commerce offers independent access to the user. Power failures during transaction processes on ecommerce sites could lead to undesired results. M-commerce is power-independent.